Before you can obtain an HGV licence in the UK, you must meet strict medical standards set by the DVLA. These Group 2 medical standards are significantly higher than those required for a standard car licence, reflecting the greater responsibility placed on professional drivers of large vehicles. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about HGV medical requirements in 2026.
What Is a Group 2 Medical?
HGV drivers are required to hold a Group 2 licence entitlement. Group 2 covers vehicles over 3,500 kg (Category C and C+E) as well as buses and coaches (Category D). The medical standards for Group 2 are considerably stricter than Group 1 (car and motorcycle) because the consequences of a medical episode at the wheel of a large vehicle are far more serious.
To apply for a Group 2 licence, you must complete a D4 medical examination with a DVLA-registered doctor. The doctor assesses your fitness to drive and completes the official D4 form, which you submit to the DVLA along with your licence application.
Age Requirements and Renewal Intervals
HGV licences must be renewed at specific intervals, and each renewal requires a new D4 medical examination:
| Age Range | Renewal Interval |
|---|---|
| Under 45 | Every 5 years |
| 45 to 65 | Every 5 years |
| 65 and over | Annually |
You should begin the renewal process at least 3 months before your licence expires to allow time for the DVLA to process your application. Driving after your licence has expired is a criminal offence.
Eyesight Standards
HGV drivers must meet strict visual acuity standards. The key requirements are visual acuity of at least 6/7.5 in the better eye and at least 6/60 in the worse eye (using corrective lenses if necessary), a binocular visual field of at least 160 degrees horizontally, and the ability to read a number plate at 20 metres. See our dedicated guide on HGV eyesight requirements for full details.
Cardiovascular Conditions
Heart conditions are among the most common reasons for HGV licence refusal or revocation. Following a heart attack, you must stop driving and notify the DVLA. You may be able to reapply after 6 weeks if you meet certain criteria, including a satisfactory exercise test. Following coronary artery bypass surgery, you must stop driving for at least 3 months. Various rules apply to arrhythmias and pacemakers — the DVLA assesses each case individually.
Diabetes
Diabetes is a complex area for HGV licensing. Diet-controlled diabetes is generally compatible with a Group 2 licence. Insulin-treated diabetics may hold a Group 2 licence if they meet strict criteria, including no hypoglycaemic episodes requiring assistance in the past 12 months and regular blood glucose monitoring. See our dedicated guide on HGV driving with diabetes for the full rules.
Sleep Apnoea
HGV drivers with untreated moderate or severe sleep apnoea must not drive. Drivers who are receiving effective CPAP treatment and are compliant with it may be able to retain their licence. See our guide on HGV sleep apnoea and driving for full details.
Neurological Conditions
For epilepsy, you must be seizure-free for 10 years without medication (or 5 years with medication in certain circumstances). Following a stroke or TIA, you must stop driving and notify the DVLA, and may be able to reapply after 1 year if you meet certain criteria.
Notifiable Conditions
You are legally required to notify the DVLA if you develop any medical condition that may affect your ability to drive safely. Failure to do so can result in a fine of up to £1,000 and may invalidate your insurance.
How to Prepare for Your D4 Medical
Book with a DVLA-registered doctor or an approved medical centre. Bring your current driving licence, glasses or contact lenses if you use them, and any relevant medical records. Disclose all medical conditions honestly — failure to disclose a relevant condition is a criminal offence. The cost of a D4 medical examination is typically £50–£120. See our guide on HGV D4 medical cost UK for a full breakdown.
Start Your HGV Training with GS Driver Training
GS Driver Training has helped thousands of drivers qualify since 1996. We offer Class 1 (C+E), Class 2 (C), C1, ADR, and CPC training from our facility in Surrey. View our courses or call 01252 447808.
